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ISSN Online: 2377-424X

ISBN Print: 0-89116-130-9

International Heat Transfer Conference 6
August, 7-11, 1978, Toronto, Canada

MAXIMUM DENSITY EFFECTS ON FORCED LAMINAR CONVECTION IN HORIZONTAL WATER PIPES WITH NEAR FREEZING WALL TEMPERATURE

Get access (open in a dialog) DOI: 10.1615/IHTC6.3070
pages 67-72

Аннотация

The maximum in the density of water near 4°C will , under some circumstances, effect the combined free and forced laminar convection in the thermal entrance region of a horizontal water pipe. This effect was analyzed numerically using a large Prandtl number assumption. Numerical results are obtained for Ra = 2×104 and 105 with uniform entrance temperature T0 = 6°C and constant wall temperature Tw = 1°C. The developing secondary flow and temperature fields, bulk temperature, local and average Nusselt numbers are presented to study the inversion process due to the maximum density effect. The practical implications of the inversion process on steady state ice formation in horizontal tubes with laminar flow are pointed out.