To investigate the spectral properties of thermal radiation of carbon fibers in micron, each of which can be regarded as an infinite translucent cylinder, this paper begins with the comparison of the scattering intensity distributions of a single carbon fiber respectively obtained by Mie approximation theory and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, and the reliability of FDTD is proven. Based on the FDTD method, solutions to the spectral attenuation properties including scattering factors and absorbed factors of multi-dimensional woven carbon fiber structures are considered. This paper analyzes the influences of different carbon fiber radii, vertical layers, horizontal and longitudinal intervals as well as the back ground refractive indices on the spectral attenuation properties of two kinds of woven carbon fiber material structures i.e. in 2-Dimension (2-D) and 2.5-Dimension (2.5-D), respectively. For the simplified 2-D and 2.5-D woven carbon fiber structures, the results show that the structures of carbon fiber composite material can greatly influence the spectral attenuation properties of thermal radiation, and different kinds of woven structures will show obviously different spectral attenuation properties. Besides, a comparison of scattering intensity distributions with the equivoluminal carbon bulk structure approximation is conducted, which shows that regarding the woven structure as a simplified bulk material structure may cause serious errors to the spectral attenuation properties of thermal radiation, because they can be very different from those of the practical woven carbon fiber structure.